No-Go Theorem on Gravitational Field Nature Beyond Quantum Theory

In the article titled “A no-go theorem on the nature of the gravitational field beyond quantum theory” published in the journal Scientific Reports, the authors address the fundamental question of whether gravitational interaction can be fundamentally classical if it can generate entanglement between quantum systems. The study uses the advanced framework of Generalised Probabilistic Theories (GPTs) to comprehensively characterize the types of gravitational theories compatible with experimentally observed entanglement, without assuming a specific gravitational model upfront. By considering all possible theories capable of mediating interactions that induce entanglement, the authors prove a no-go theorem that the three conditions—(i) gravity induces entanglement, (ii) gravity mediates the interaction, and (iii) gravity is classical—cannot simultaneously hold. This means if gravity is the mediator of entanglement generation, it cannot be described classically. The approach also evaluates alternative non-linear gravitational models like the Schrödinger-Newton equation and collapse models, highlighting the necessity of a quantum or beyond-classical description of gravity when entanglement is observed (Marletto & Vedral, 2020).

From a quantum governance perspective, this research underscores the pivotal role of entanglement as a signature of non-classical interactions, suggesting that governance frameworks for emerging quantum technologies must integrate principles derived from foundational physics insights. Specifically, the no-go theorem informs policymakers and managers that any technology or protocol relying on gravity-mediated entanglement presupposes gravity’s intrinsic quantum attributes, thus guiding standards and regulatory approaches surrounding quantum sensing and communication devices exploiting gravitational effects. By utilizing GPTs, governance mechanisms can be designed to be theory-agnostic, thus future-proofing regulation against evolving scientific models. Moreover, these findings recommend investing in experimental platforms aimed at entanglement detection through gravitational channels, as their outcomes will refine the underlying scientific assumptions essential for reliable quantum technology stewardship. Therefore, policymakers should support interdisciplinary efforts linking quantum information science, gravity research, and advanced theoretical models to create informed, flexible governance frameworks that can accommodate discoveries at the quantum-gravity interface.

Reference: Marletto, C., & Vedral, V. (2020). A no-go theorem on the nature of the gravitational field beyond quantum theory. Scientific Reports, 10, 19852. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76818-2